661668372. Baron William de Huntingfield
Of Huntingfied and Mendham, Suffolk, and other estates. Sided with the king in the Baron's War. From 1263 to 1287 he was summoned for military service and to attend King Edward I at Shrewsbury 28 June 1283.
661717826. King of Scotland William Canmore
The nickname William the Lion, king of Scotland (1165-1214) was accorded him after his death and may have been due either to his valour and strength in battle (though he was not always successful) or more likely to the heraldic symbol that he adopted - the red lion rampant on a yellow background - which has remained a royal symbol to this day. William was red haired and energetic.
William was a grandson of King David I and the brother of Malcolm IV, whom he succeeded. After a quarrel with King Henry II of England, William concluded an alliance between Scotland and England in 1168. In 1173, with King Louis VII of France, he aided Henry's sons in their unsuccessful rebellion against their father. William invaded Northumberland, and the next year, while raiding the countryside near Alnwick, he was captured by the English and brought to Henry II with "his feet chackled beneath the belly of his horse," and later taken to Normandy. He was able to obtain his freedom only by assenting to the Treaty of Falaise, which acknowledged Henry as overlord of Scotland. In 1188 William secured a papal bull quaranteeing the independence of the Scottish church from that of England, and in 1189 Henry's son Richard, who had succeeded him as king, annulled the Treaty of Falaise, surrendering all claims to suzerainty over Scotland in return for a large payment. William was succeeded by his son, Alexander II.
His grandmother, St. Margaret Atheling, Queen of King Malcolm III, was a granddaughter of Edmund Ironside, King of England who is described along with eight other Kings of England who were his ancestors, including King Edward the Great.
William the Lion's Queen, Ermengarde de Beaumont, was a great granddaughter of Henry I, King of England, who was a son of William the Conqueror, King of England.
The
661717878. Robert de Quincey
A fellow crusader with Surety John de Lacie, died in the Holy Land.
661717879. Hawise De Meschines
Daughter of Hugh Keveliok, Earl of Chester
661717888. Baron Nele de Mowbray
Was present at the council of Clarendon in 1163/64, and joined with his father in the rebellion of 1173. In the 3rd of King Richard I, he assumed the cross and set out for Palestine, but while on the journey, died at Acre in 1191.
661717904. William de Braos
Was starved to death with his mother at Windsor Castle.
661717905. Maud de Clare
Maud de Braose and a son were shut up in a dungeon in Windsor Castle by King John with only bacon and some oat bread to sustain them. After eleven days the prison cell was opened and both were found dead.
William and Maud had possibly seventeen children and many grandchildren. Most reached adulthood, but the fates of some are unrecorded.
661717920. King of England Henry II Plantagenet
Henry Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154. Henry and Eleanor of Aquitane and Normandy were crowned together at Westminster Abbey on 7 December 1154.
Henry II and his sons Richard and John expanded royal authority. Henry banished mercenaries and destroyed private castles. He strengthened the government created by Henry I. Most important, he developed the common law, administered by royal courts and applicable to all England. It encroached on the feudal courts' jurisdiction over land and created the grand jury. It success demonstrated its efficiency and the growing power of the king.
Henry attempted to reduce the jurisdiction of church courts, especially over clergy accused of crimes, but was opposed by Thomas a' Beckett, his former chancellor, whom he had made archbishop of Canterbury. His anger at Becket's intransigence led ultimately to Becket's martyrdom (murder?) in 1170.
Henry's empire included more than half of France and lordship over Ireland and Scotland. His skill at governing, however, did not include the ability of placate his sons who rebelled against him several times, backed by the kings of France and their mother, Eleanor of Aquitane.
Henry Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154. Henry and Eleanor of Aquitane and Normandy were crowned together at Westminster Abbey on 7 December 1154.
661717921. Duchess of Aquitane Eleanor
Eleanor of Aquitane, queen consort of France (1137-52) and queen consort of England (1154-1204), born in France. She inherited the duchy of Aquitane from her father in 1137, the same year in which she was married to Louis VII of France. She accompanied her husband on the Second Crusade to the Holy Land, where it was rumored she committed adultery. The scandal, and the fact that she had not given the king a male heir, resulted in an annulment of their marriage in 1152 under the pretext of blood kinship between her and the king. Later that year, Eleanor maried and gave her possessions to Henry Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, who in 1154 became Henry II, king of England. In 1170, the queen induced her husband to invest their son Richard the Lion Hearted with her personal dominions of Gascdony, Aquitane, and Poitou. When Richard and his brothers rebelled against their father in 1173, Eleanor, already alienated from the king because of his unfaithfulness, supported her sons. Consequently, she was placed in confinement until 1185. After her release, she secured the succession of her son Richard, who had become heir apparent at the death in 1183 of his eldest brother. From the death of King Henry II in 1189 until Richard's return from the Third Crusade in 1194, Eleanor ruled as regent. During this time, she foiled to attempt of her son John in 1193 to conspire with France against the new king. After the return of Richard, she arranged a reconciliation between the two brothers. Eleanor continued to be prominent in public affairs until she retired to the abbey in Fontevrault, France, where she died on April 1, 1204.
Kathryn Hepburn won an Academy Award for her portrayal of Queen Eleanor in the movie "Lion in the Winter", with Peter O'Toole playing King Henry II of England.
661717924. Prince of Aragon Alphonso II
This lineage includes kings of Castile, Leon, Provence, Navarre and Aragon.
661717928. King of France Phillip II Augustus
King of France (1180-1223), one of the most powerful monarchs of the Middle Ages. Became co-regent with his father in 1179. From 1181 to 1186, Philip combatted a coalition of barons in Flanders, Burgundy, and Champagne and at their expense increased the royal domain. Philip allied himself with Richard, duke of Aquitane, who in 1189 became Richard I of England, and in ll90 the two kings embarked on the Third Crusade. The kings quarreled, however, and Philip returned to France in ll91. Allied with Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI and Richard's brother, John, later king of England, Philip attacked Richard's territories in France. Richard returned in 1194 and went to war against Philip. By the time of Richard's death in 1199, Philip had been forced to surrender most of the territory he had annexed. Philip subsequently warred against John, who became king of England in ll99; between 1202 and 1205, Philip more than doubled his territory by annexing Normandy, Maine, Brittany, Anjou, Touraine, and Poitou.
A Coalition of European powers, including England, challenged the growing power of France in 1214. Philip's forces, however, decisevely defeated the coalition at the Battle of Bouvines, establishing France as a leading country in Europe.
Philip increased the royal power not only by extending the royal domain, but also by reducing the power of the feudal lords. He replaced the noble officers at court with an advisory council appointed from the middle class and supported the communes against the nobles. France prospered from his judicial, financial and administrative reorganization of the government: serfdom declined, towns grew, and commerce flourished. Philip established Paris as the fixed capital of France, paved the streets, and had many new buildings constructed in the city.King of France (1180-1223), one of the most powerful monarchs of the Middle Ages. Became co-regent with his father in 1179. From 1181 to 1186, Philip combatted a coalition of barons in Flanders, Burgundy, and Champagne and at their expense increased the royal domain. Philip allied himself with Richard, duke of Aquitane, who in 1189 became Richard I of England, and in ll90 the two kings embarked on the Third Crusade. The kings quarreled, however, and Philip returned to France in ll91. Allied with Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI and Richard's brother, John, later king of England, Philip attacked Richard's territories in France. Richard returned in 1194 and went to war against Philip. By the time of Richard's death in 1199, Philip had been forced to surrender most of the territory he had annexed. Philip subsequently warred against John, who became king of England in ll99; between 1202 and 1205, Philip more than doubled his territory by annexing Normandy, Maine, Brittany, Anjou, Touraine, and Poitou.
A Coalition of European powers, including England, challenged the growing power of France in 1214. Philip's forces, however, decisevely defeated the coalition at the Battle of Bouvines, establishing France as a leading country in Europe.
Philip increased the royal power not only by extending the royal domain, but also by reducing the power of the feudal lords. He replaced the noble officers at court with an advisory council appointed from the middle class and supported the communes against the nobles. France prospered from his judicial, financial and administrative reorganization of the government: serfdom declined, towns grew, and commerce flourished. Philip established Paris as the fixed capital of France, paved the streets, and had many new buildings constructed in the city.
661717930. King of Castile Alfonso VIII
King of Castile (1158-1214). He succeeded to the throne on the death of his father Sancho III. Troubled by interference from Navarre in his youth, he later allied Castile with Aragon, forming a connection that was eventually to become the basis for the unification of Spain. He also established Castilian dominance over Leon. In 1170, he married Eleanor, daughter of King Henry II of England. From the 1170s, he resisted encrochment by the Almohads, Muslim invaders from northern Africa. Defeated by the Muslim caliph Yakub al-Mansur at Alarcos in 1195, Alfonso and and allies won a major victory over the Muslin commander at al-Navas de Tolosa in 1212.